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It is an investigation of whether the real world is behaving as predicted by the hypothesis. Scientists (and others) examine hypotheses with experiments. The purpose of the experiment is to determine whether real-world observations agree or conflict with predictions derived from a hypothesis. If they agree, confidence in the hypothesis increases; Otherwise, it reduces. Generally, agreement does not guarantee that the hypothesis is correct. Future experiments may reveal problems.
As for the scientific observation, it is the observation that uses different measures, and is based on the arrangement of conditions in an intentional and specific order, so that it can be observed in an objective way, and the observation is characterized by repetition, and repetition is of great importance in terms of scientific accuracy, it helps to identify the basic elements in the situation to be studied, and the movement of The elements that are the result of chance, and repetition remains necessary to ensure the correctness of the observation, as the researcher may make mistakes as a result of chance or to interfere with subjective factors, such as errors that result from the difference in the accuracy of the senses and the subjective qualities of the researcher, such as perseverance and the strength of observation.
The main goal of any scientific research goes beyond just describing the problem or phenomenon that is the subject of the research to understanding and explaining it, by identifying its place in the overall framework of the organized relations to which it belongs, and formulating generalizations that explain the different phenomena, which are among the most important goals of science, especially those that reach a degree of Comprehensiveness raises it to the level of scientific laws and theories. The explanation of the various phenomena increases its scientific value if it helps a person to predict. Prediction here does not mean metaphysical conjecture or knowledge of the future, but rather the ability to anticipate what might happen if things go a certain course, and here the prediction includes the meaning of a strong possibility. Moreover, the ultimate goals of science and scientific research is the possibility of "controlling" and it is not possible in all cases. For example, in studying the phenomenon of eclipses, it is necessary to describe the phenomenon, to know the factors leading to it and to explain them, and this enables the prediction of the probability of an eclipse if we reach accurate scientific knowledge of it. , But it cannot be controlled or controlled, because the process of controlling such a field requires controlling astronomical orbits, and this is outside the scope of any scientist's ability, regardless of his knowledge, knowledge or accuracy in research, but on the other hand there are some phenomena that can be controlled and controlled. In it, to a reasonable degree, for example, the ability to combat some social phenomena, such as juvenile delinquency or theft, or overcome social disturbances that weaken the social structure. All sciences depend in achieving the three objectives referred to previously (interpretation, prediction, and control) on the scientific method, because it is characterized by accuracy, objectivity, and testing of facts as a test that removes from it every acceptable doubt, knowing that scientific facts are not fixed, but rather are facts of a high degree. Of honesty.
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